Plastik Cerrahinin geçmişi en çok merak edilen konuların başında geliyor. Burada ki infografikte de Plastik Cerrahinin Antik Kökeni’ni görebileceksiniz.
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PLASTIC SURGERY™
ANCIENT ORIGINS
LOCATION: EGYPT DATE: 1213 BC
PLASTIC SURGERY FOR THE AFTERLIFE
Plastic surgery was first used by Ramses II to ensure a favorable reception in the afterlife and to be recognized in the next world.
In ancient Egypt, a person’s face was believed to be the only physical feature that could be recognized in the afterlife.
To ensure recognition as a pharaoh in the afterlife, they performed the first known plastic surgery by surgically placing objects like bones and seeds into the deceased’s nose.
LOCATION: INDIA DATE: 600 BC
INDIAN SURGEON
In ancient India, the noses of criminals and adulterers were cut off as a lifelong shame.
To encourage forgiveness and reduce lifelong shame, Sushruta, hoping to reconstruct the noses of former criminals, developed a method.
This method involved taking a portion of skin from the person’s cheek or forehead and applying it to the nose.
LOCATION: ROME DATE: 1000 BC – 5th CENTURY AD
AESTHETICS FOR NORMALCY IN ANCIENT ROME
Rome was the first place plastic surgery was used to improve personal appearance. Common procedures included:
Procedures for wealthy women whose ears had elongated due to the weight of their earrings.
Procedures for liberated slaves to remove markings that branded them as property.
Roman doctors performed corrective procedures on soldiers whose appearances had been disfigured.
THE MOST FAMOUS ROMAN PLASTIC SURGEON
Aulus Cornelius Celsus described how plastic surgery on the face and nose could be performed in his famous work “De Medicina.”
- Celsus’ book was a reference for plastic surgeons for over 1,700 years.
ANESTHESIA AND TOOLS IN ANCIENT SURGERY
Roman doctors used opium and alcohol to suppress pain, but patients remained awake during the procedure.
Romans used primitive tools, including scalpels, forceps, and bone drills, similar to modern surgeons.
PLASTIC SURGERY IN ROMAN POLITICS
After being dethroned, the nose of the Roman Emperor Justinian II was cut off to prevent his return to power.
The former emperor’s decision to undergo cosmetic surgery while in exile frightened the Senate. Upon returning to Rome with his new nose, Justinian II reclaimed the throne and ruled for a few more years until his execution.
LOCATION: INDIA & ITALY DATE: 9th – 12th CENTURY AD
SPREAD OF PLASTIC SURGERY TECHNIQUES
The conquests of Islam brought Sushruta’s plastic surgery techniques, including rhinoplasty, to some regions of Europe and India.
After learning the “Indian Technique” from his father, Antonio Branca developed the “Italian Technique” for rhinoplasty.
Branca took skin from the arm instead of the cheek or forehead. While leaving less scarring, this method required the nose to be attached to the arm for 20 days, which was unsightly.
LOCATION: GERMANY DATE: 1818
PUTTING PLASTIC INTO PLASTIC SURGERY
“Plastic Surgery” was not initially used to describe surgery but rather to “shape or mold.”
The term “Plastic Surgery,” derived from the Greek word “plastikos,” meaning “to shape or mold,” was first used by Karl Ferdinand Graefe in his famous work on rhinoplasty.
LOCATION: WORLDWIDE DATE: PRESENT DAY
PLASTIC SURGERY IS MORE COMMON THAN EVER BEFORE